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• Users with 5G-enabled devices can experience faster data speeds and lower latency when connected to 5G cells, while still maintaining connectivity through 4G when 5G is not available.

• It allows for a gradual transition to full 5G standalone deployments as the 5G infrastructure is expanded and upgraded.

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4G-5G-NSA Data

4G-5G NSA (Non-Standalone) data embodies a hybrid approach, leveraging the strengths of both 4G and 5G networks to provide users with improved data connectivity, speed, and latency while paving the way for a more comprehensive 5G standalone future.

The 4G-5G-NSA model includes the following captures required from NE interfaces:​

• eNodeB: X2

gNodeB: X2 (for 5G NSA configuration)

• MME: S1_MME, S11, S6a

• S-GW: S11, S5c

• P-GW: S5c, Gx, Gy

• PCRF: Sy

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5G SA Captured Data Points Diagram

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​5G-SA Mobility

5G-SA (Standalone) mobility is the mobile communication capabilities provided by a fully independent 5G network architecture. In the context of mobility, this encompasses the seamless and advanced connectivity solutions designed to cater to the dynamic and mobile nature of devices and users.

The 5G-S model includes captures of handover calls from:​

• gNodeB: Xn, Xnc, N2​

• O-CU: Xn, Xnc, N2 (O-Ran scenarios)​

• AMF: N2​

• UPF: N3, N6​

• 5G SA​

• Xn based handover (handled directly between gNodeB’s)​ *(pending)

• N2 based handover (Coordinated by AMF)​

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