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Telecommunication service models determine the delivery of communication services. AGILITY uses the service models described on this page to run predictions and provide network analysis. For a comprehensive list of all protocols, and interfaces that AGILITY supports for these models, see Model Coverage Tables.

4G-5G NSA Connectivity

4G-5G NSA connectivity represents an interim step in the evolution of mobile networks, allowing for the introduction of 5G benefits while leveraging the existing 4G infrastructure for a smoother transition.

4G-5G NSA connectivity is the coexistence and collaboration between 4G and 5G networks in Non-Standalone mode. In this mode, 5G provides enhanced data speeds and capabilities while still relying on the existing 4G core network for certain functions.

• Users with 5G-enabled devices can experience faster data speeds and lower latency when connected to 5G cells, while still maintaining connectivity through 4G when 5G is not available.

• It allows for a gradual transition to full 5G standalone deployments as the 5G infrastructure is expanded and upgraded.

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• MME: S1_MME, S11, S6a

• S-GW: S11, S5c

• P-GW: S5c, Gx, Gy

• PCRF: Sy

5G-SA Connectivity

5G-SA (Standalone) connectivity is the deployment of a fully independent 5G network architecture without any reliance on existing 4G infrastructure. In a 5G-SA network, both the radio access network (RAN) and the core network are built on native 5G specifications.

5G-SA Captured Data Points

5G-SA Data

5G-SA (Standalone) data is the data connectivity and communication services facilitated through a fully independent 5G network architecture. Unlike 4G-5G NSA (Non-Standalone) deployments that rely on existing 4G infrastructure, 5G-SA operates with a standalone core network and radio access network (RAN).

The 5G-SA model includes captures of data calls from:​

• gNodeB: N3​

• AMF: N2, Namf, Npcf, Nudm, Nsmf, Naf, Nnef, Nausf, Nnrf​

• SMF: N4, Nsmf, Nudm, Npcf, Nnrf, Namf, Nchf​

• UPF: N3, N4, N6​

• UDM: Nudr, Namf ​

• PCF: Nbsf, Nsmf, Nudr​

5G SA Captured Data Points Diagram

​5G-SA Mobility

5G-SA (Standalone) mobility is the mobile communication capabilities provided by a fully independent 5G network architecture. In the context of mobility, this encompasses the seamless and advanced connectivity solutions designed to cater to the dynamic and mobile nature of devices and users.

The 5G-S model includes captures of handover calls from:​

• gNodeB: N2​

• O-CU: N2 (O-Ran scenarios)​

• AMF: N2​

• UPF: N3, N6​

• 5G SA​

• Xn based handover (handled directly between gNodeB’s)​ *(pending)

• N2 based handover (Coordinated by AMF)​

5G-SA Mobility Captured Data Points Diagram

Inter-RAT / EPS Fallback 5G - 4G Mobility

Inter-RAT (Radio Access Technology) or EPS (Evolved Packet System) Fallback in the context of 5G-4G mobility is the ability of a mobile device to seamlessly transition between 5G and 4G networks when moving across areas with different network technologies.

Inter-RAT mobility involves the smooth handover of a mobile device between different radio access technologies.​

Method #1: 5G to 4G Inter-RAT Handover

In this method, the N26 interface between AMF and MME uses a Forward Relocation procedure and session management context. Additionally, user plane tunnels in the core network are exchanged over from SMF/UPM to MME/S-GW.​

Method #2: 5G to 4G Release with Redirection​

In this method, the 5G radio connection is released with the 5G RRC Release instructing the UE to reselect to a 4G cell where a new radio connection can be started for the VoLTE call. In this case, the UE context is transferred from the AMF to the MME over the N26 interface.

The Inter-RAT / EPS Fallback 5G - 4G – Mobility Model captures:

• eNodeB: X2​

• gNodeB: X2 (for 5G NSA configuration)​

• MME: S1_MME, S11, S6a​

• S-GW: S11, S5c​

• P-GW: S5c, S5u, SGi​

• AMF: N26, N2, S11​

• SMF: N4, Nsmf, Nudm, Npcf, Nnrf, Namf, Nchf​

• UPF: N3, N4, N6​​

Inter-RAT / EPS Fallback 5G - 4G Mobility Captured Data Points Diagram

4G - Voice & Video Services: VoLTE

Voice over LTE (VoLTE) enables users to make voice calls while simultaneously using data services like web browsing or video streaming over the 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network.

The Voice & Video Services: VoLTE Model captures:

• MME: S1_MME, S11, SLs​

• S-GW: S1u, S5c, S5u​

• P-GW: S5c, S5u, Gm, Gy, Gx​

• OCS: Gy, Sy, Ro​

• HSS: S6a, Cx, Sh​

• S-CSCF: Mw, Mx, Mr, Mg, Mi, ISC, Cx​

• TAS: Mr​

• IBCF: Ici ​

• MGCF: ISUP​

Voice & Video Services: VoLTE Captured Data Points Diagram

5G - Voice & Video Services: VoNR

Voice over New Radio (VoNR) enables the delivery of voice and video services over the 5G New Radio (NR) network. It is an evolution of the Voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology, specifically designed to take advantage of the capabilities offered by 5G networks.

VoNR Scenario 1:  Diameter Routing Agent (DRA) ​

Scenario 1 consists of a Diameter Routing Agent connected with 5G Core that supports Diameter​, In this scenario, the Voice & Video Services: VoNR Model captures Voice / Video calls from:​

• gNodeB: N3​

• AMF: N2, HTTP2 SBA services​

• SMF: N4, HTTP2 SBA services​

• UPF: N3, N4, N6​

• UDM: HTTP2 SBA services​

• PCF: HTTP2 SBA services​

• I/S-CSCF: Mw, ISC, Cx​

• TAS: Sh​

VoNR Scenario #1 Captured Data Points Diagram

VoNR Scenario 2 – Interworking Function ​

Scenario 2 consists of Diameter to HTTP2 using Interworking Function (IWF) connecting IMS with 5G Core through HTTP2 bus. ​In scenario 2, the Voice & Video Services: VoNR Model captures Voice / Video calls from:​

• gNodeB: N3​

• AMF: N2, HTTP2 SBA services​

• SMF: N4, HTTP2 SBA services​

• UPF: N3, N4, N6​

• UDM: HTTP2 SBA services​

• PCF: HTTP2 SBA services​

• I/S-CSCF: Mw, ISC, Cx​

• TAS: Sh​

VoNR Scenario #2 Captured Data Points Diagram

5G - SMS: SMS over NAS-5GS

SMS over NAS-5GS allows 5G SA users to send SMS messages through the 5G core network. The AMF sends and receives SMS messages from the UE over the N1 interface, which carries NAS-5GS messages. The 5G core entities, AMF and SMSF, provision services for each other to enable the transfer of SMS over NAS-5GS.

The SMS over NAS-5GS Model captures:

• UE: N1​

• AMF: N2, HTTP2 SBA services​

• SMSF: HTTP2 SBA services

• UDM: HTTP2 SBA services

4G - E911

E911 is a service that enables emergency operators to provide assistance to users calling 911. E911 calls are directed to emergency responders such as police, fire, and rescue departments, collectively known as Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs). The call setup process is similar to VoLTE but includes additional components like the Emergency S-CSCF, which routes the calls to specific servers that use geo-location to assist emergency response.

The E911 Model captures:

• MME: S1_MME, S11, SLs​

• S-GW: S1u, S5c, S5u​

• P-GW: S5c, S5u, Gm, Gy, Gx​

• OCS: Gy, Sy, Ro​

• HSS: S6a, Cx, Sh​

• S-CSCF: Mw, Mx, Mr, Mg, Mi, ISC, Cx​

• TAS: Mr​

• IBCF: Ici ​

• MGCF: ISUP​